Bootstrap JavaScript
- Dettagli
- Categoria: Uncategorised
- Pubblicato: Sabato, 28 Dicembre 2013 15:27
- Scritto da Super User
- Visite: 3574
JavaScript in Bootstrap
Individual or compiled
Plugins can be included individually (though some have required dependencies), or all at once. Both bootstrap.js and bootstrap.min.js contain all plugins in a single file.
Data attributes
You can use all Bootstrap plugins purely through the markup API without writing a single line of JavaScript. This is Bootstrap's first class API and should be your first consideration when using a plugin.
That said, in some situations it may be desirable to turn this functionality off. Therefore, we also provide the ability to disable the data attribute API by unbinding all events on the body namespaced with `'data-api'`. This looks like this:
$('body').off('.data-api')
Alternatively, to target a specific plugin, just include the plugin's name as a namespace along with the data-api namespace like this:
$('body').off('.alert.data-api')
Programmatic API
We also believe you should be able to use all Bootstrap plugins purely through the JavaScript API. All public APIs are single, chainable methods, and return the collection acted upon.
$(".btn.danger").button("toggle").addClass("fat")
All methods should accept an optional options object, a string which targets a particular method, or nothing (which initiates a plugin with default behavior):
$("#myModal").modal() // initialized with defaults $("#myModal").modal({ keyboard: false }) // initialized with no keyboard $("#myModal").modal('show') // initializes and invokes show immediately
Each plugin also exposes its raw constructor on a `Constructor` property: $.fn.popover.Constructor
. If you'd like to get a particular plugin instance, retrieve it directly from an element: $('[rel=popover]').data('popover')
.
No Conflict
Sometimes it is necessary to use Bootstrap plugins with other UI frameworks. In these circumstances, namespace collisions can occasionally occur. If this happens, you may call .noConflict
on the plugin you wish to revert the value of.
var bootstrapButton = $.fn.button.noConflict() // return $.fn.button to previously assigned value $.fn.bootstrapBtn = bootstrapButton // give $().bootstrapBtn the bootstrap functionality
Events
Bootstrap provides custom events for most plugin's unique actions. Generally, these come in an infinitive and past participle form - where the infinitive (ex. show
) is triggered at the start of an event, and its past participle form (ex. shown
) is trigger on the completion of an action.
All infinitive events provide preventDefault functionality. This provides the ability to stop the execution of an action before it starts.
$('#myModal').on('show', function (e) { if (!data) return e.preventDefault() // stops modal from being shown })
Transitions bootstrap-transition.js
About transitions
For simple transition effects, include bootstrap-transition.js once alongside the other JS files. If you're using the compiled (or minified) bootstrap.js, there is no need to include this—it's already there.
Use cases
A few examples of the transition plugin:
- Sliding or fading in modals
- Fading out tabs
- Fading out alerts
- Sliding carousel panes
Modals bootstrap-modal.js
Examples
Modals are streamlined, but flexible, dialog prompts with the minimum required functionality and smart defaults.
Static example
A rendered modal with header, body, and set of actions in the footer.
Modal header
One fine body…
<div class="modal hide fade"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button> <h3>Modal header</h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>One fine body…</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <a href="#" class="btn">Close</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</a> </div> </div>
Live demo
Toggle a modal via JavaScript by clicking the button below. It will slide down and fade in from the top of the page.
<!-- Button to trigger modal --> <a href="#myModal" role="button" class="btn" data-toggle="modal">Launch demo modal</a> <!-- Modal --> <div id="myModal" class="modal hide fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button> <h3 id="myModalLabel">Modal header</h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>One fine body…</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button class="btn" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">Close</button> <button class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button> </div> </div>
Usage
Via data attributes
Activate a modal without writing JavaScript. Set data-toggle="modal"
on a controller element, like a button, along with a data-target="#foo"
or href="#foo"
to target a specific modal to toggle.
<button type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal">Launch modal</button>
Via JavaScript
Call a modal with id myModal
with a single line of JavaScript:
$('#myModal').modal(options)
Options
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-
, as in data-backdrop=""
.
Name | type | default | description |
---|---|---|---|
backdrop | boolean | true | Includes a modal-backdrop element. Alternatively, specify static for a backdrop which doesn't close the modal on click. |
keyboard | boolean | true | Closes the modal when escape key is pressed |
show | boolean | true | Shows the modal when initialized. |
remote | path | false | If a remote url is provided, content will be loaded via jQuery's
|
Methods
.modal(options)
Activates your content as a modal. Accepts an optional options object
.
$('#myModal').modal({ keyboard: false })
.modal('toggle')
Manually toggles a modal.
$('#myModal').modal('toggle')
.modal('show')
Manually opens a modal.
$('#myModal').modal('show')
.modal('hide')
Manually hides a modal.
$('#myModal').modal('hide')
Events
Bootstrap's modal class exposes a few events for hooking into modal functionality.
Event | Description |
---|---|
show | This event fires immediately when the show instance method is called. |
shown | This event is fired when the modal has been made visible to the user (will wait for css transitions to complete). |
hide | This event is fired immediately when the hide instance method has been called. |
hidden | This event is fired when the modal has finished being hidden from the user (will wait for css transitions to complete). |
$('#myModal').on('hidden', function () { // do something… })
Dropdowns bootstrap-dropdown.js
Examples
Add dropdown menus to nearly anything with this simple plugin, including the navbar, tabs, and pills.
Within a navbar
Within tabs
Usage
Via data attributes
Add data-toggle="dropdown"
to a link or button to toggle a dropdown.
<div class="dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Dropdown trigger</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel"> ... </ul> </div>
To keep URLs intact, use the data-target
attribute instead of href="#"
.
<div class="dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" id="dLabel" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#" href="/page.html"> Dropdown <b class="caret"></b> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel"> ... </ul> </div>
Via JavaScript
Call the dropdowns via JavaScript:
$('.dropdown-toggle').dropdown()
Options
None
Methods
$().dropdown('toggle')
A programmatic api for toggling menus for a given navbar or tabbed navigation.
ScrollSpy bootstrap-scrollspy.js
Example in navbar
The ScrollSpy plugin is for automatically updating nav targets based on scroll position. Scroll the area below the navbar and watch the active class change. The dropdown sub items will be highlighted as well.
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Usage
Via data attributes
To easily add scrollspy behavior to your topbar navigation, just add data-spy="scroll"
to the element you want to spy on (most typically this would be the body) and data-target=".navbar"
to select which nav to use. You'll want to use scrollspy with a .nav
component.
<body data-spy="scroll" data-target=".navbar">...</body>
Via JavaScript
Call the scrollspy via JavaScript:
$('#navbar').scrollspy()
<a href="#home">home</a>
must correspond to something in the dom like <div id="home"></div>
.
Methods
.scrollspy('refresh')
When using scrollspy in conjunction with adding or removing of elements from the DOM, you'll need to call the refresh method like so:
$('[data-spy="scroll"]').each(function () { var $spy = $(this).scrollspy('refresh') });
Options
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-
, as in data-offset=""
.
Name | type | default | description |
---|---|---|---|
offset | number | 10 | Pixels to offset from top when calculating position of scroll. |
Events
Event | Description |
---|---|
activate | This event fires whenever a new item becomes activated by the scrollspy. |
Togglable tabs bootstrap-tab.js
Example tabs
Add quick, dynamic tab functionality to transition through panes of local content, even via dropdown menus.
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Food truck fixie locavore, accusamus mcsweeney's marfa nulla single-origin coffee squid. Exercitation +1 labore velit, blog sartorial PBR leggings next level wes anderson artisan four loko farm-to-table craft beer twee. Qui photo booth letterpress, commodo enim craft beer mlkshk aliquip jean shorts ullamco ad vinyl cillum PBR. Homo nostrud organic, assumenda labore aesthetic magna delectus mollit. Keytar helvetica VHS salvia yr, vero magna velit sapiente labore stumptown. Vegan fanny pack odio cillum wes anderson 8-bit, sustainable jean shorts beard ut DIY ethical culpa terry richardson biodiesel. Art party scenester stumptown, tumblr butcher vero sint qui sapiente accusamus tattooed echo park.
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Usage
Enable tabbable tabs via JavaScript (each tab needs to be activated individually):
$('#myTab a').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).tab('show'); })
You can activate individual tabs in several ways:
$('#myTab a[href="#profile"]').tab('show'); // Select tab by name $('#myTab a:first').tab('show'); // Select first tab $('#myTab a:last').tab('show'); // Select last tab $('#myTab li:eq(2) a').tab('show'); // Select third tab (0-indexed)
Markup
You can activate a tab or pill navigation without writing any JavaScript by simply specifying data-toggle="tab"
or data-toggle="pill"
on an element. Adding the nav
and nav-tabs
classes to the tab ul
will apply the Bootstrap tab styling.
<ul class="nav nav-tabs"> <li><a href="#home" data-toggle="tab">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#profile" data-toggle="tab">Profile</a></li> <li><a href="#messages" data-toggle="tab">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="#settings" data-toggle="tab">Settings</a></li> </ul>
Methods
$().tab
Activates a tab element and content container. Tab should have either a data-target
or an href
targeting a container node in the DOM.
<ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab"> <li class="active"><a href="#home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#profile">Profile</a></li> <li><a href="#messages">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="#settings">Settings</a></li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="home">...</div> <div class="tab-pane" id="profile">...</div> <div class="tab-pane" id="messages">...</div> <div class="tab-pane" id="settings">...</div> </div> <script> $(function () { $('#myTab a:last').tab('show'); }) </script>
Events
Event | Description |
---|---|
show | This event fires on tab show, but before the new tab has been shown. Use event.target and event.relatedTarget to target the active tab and the previous active tab (if available) respectively. |
shown | This event fires on tab show after a tab has been shown. Use event.target and event.relatedTarget to target the active tab and the previous active tab (if available) respectively. |
$('a[data-toggle="tab"]').on('shown', function (e) { e.target // activated tab e.relatedTarget // previous tab })
Tooltips bootstrap-tooltip.js
Examples
Inspired by the excellent jQuery.tipsy plugin written by Jason Frame; Tooltips are an updated version, which don't rely on images, use CSS3 for animations, and data-attributes for local title storage.
For performance reasons, the tooltip and popover data-apis are opt in, meaning you must initialize them yourself.
Hover over the links below to see tooltips:
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Four directions
Tooltips in input groups
When using tooltips and popovers with the Bootstrap input groups, you'll have to set the container
(documented below) option to avoid unwanted side effects.
Usage
Trigger the tooltip via JavaScript:
$('#example').tooltip(options)
Options
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-
, as in data-animation=""
.
Name | type | default | description |
---|---|---|---|
animation | boolean | true | apply a css fade transition to the tooltip |
html | boolean | false | Insert html into the tooltip. If false, jquery's text method will be used to insert content into the dom. Use text if you're worried about XSS attacks. |
placement | string | function | 'top' | how to position the tooltip - top | bottom | left | right |
selector | string | false | If a selector is provided, tooltip objects will be delegated to the specified targets. |
title | string | function | '' | default title value if `title` tag isn't present |
trigger | string | 'hover focus' | how tooltip is triggered - click | hover | focus | manual. Note you case pass trigger mutliple, space seperated, trigger types. |
delay | number | object | 0 |
delay showing and hiding the tooltip (ms) - does not apply to manual trigger type If a number is supplied, delay is applied to both hide/show Object structure is: |
container | string | false | false |
Appends the tooltip to a specific element |
Markup
<a href="#" data-toggle="tooltip" title="first tooltip">hover over me</a>
Methods
$().tooltip(options)
Attaches a tooltip handler to an element collection.
.tooltip('show')
Reveals an element's tooltip.
$('#element').tooltip('show')
.tooltip('hide')
Hides an element's tooltip.
$('#element').tooltip('hide')
.tooltip('toggle')
Toggles an element's tooltip.
$('#element').tooltip('toggle')
.tooltip('destroy')
Hides and destroys an element's tooltip.
$('#element').tooltip('destroy')
Popovers bootstrap-popover.js
Examples
Add small overlays of content, like those on the iPad, to any element for housing secondary information. Hover over the button to trigger the popover. Requires Tooltip to be included.
Static popover
Four options are available: top, right, bottom, and left aligned.
Popover top
Sed posuere consectetur est at lobortis. Aenean eu leo quam. Pellentesque ornare sem lacinia quam venenatis vestibulum.
Popover right
Sed posuere consectetur est at lobortis. Aenean eu leo quam. Pellentesque ornare sem lacinia quam venenatis vestibulum.
Popover bottom
Sed posuere consectetur est at lobortis. Aenean eu leo quam. Pellentesque ornare sem lacinia quam venenatis vestibulum.
Popover left
Sed posuere consectetur est at lobortis. Aenean eu leo quam. Pellentesque ornare sem lacinia quam venenatis vestibulum.
No markup shown as popovers are generated from JavaScript and content within a data
attribute.
Live demo
Four directions
Usage
Enable popovers via JavaScript:
$('#example').popover(options)
Options
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-
, as in data-animation=""
.
Name | type | default | description |
---|---|---|---|
animation | boolean | true | apply a css fade transition to the tooltip |
html | boolean | false | Insert html into the popover. If false, jquery's text method will be used to insert content into the dom. Use text if you're worried about XSS attacks. |
placement | string | function | 'right' | how to position the popover - top | bottom | left | right |
selector | string | false | if a selector is provided, tooltip objects will be delegated to the specified targets |
trigger | string | 'click' | how popover is triggered - click | hover | focus | manual |
title | string | function | '' | default title value if `title` attribute isn't present |
content | string | function | '' | default content value if `data-content` attribute isn't present |
delay | number | object | 0 |
delay showing and hiding the popover (ms) - does not apply to manual trigger type If a number is supplied, delay is applied to both hide/show Object structure is: |
container | string | false | false |
Appends the popover to a specific element |
Markup
For performance reasons, the Tooltip and Popover data-apis are opt in. If you would like to use them just specify a selector option.
Methods
$().popover(options)
Initializes popovers for an element collection.
.popover('show')
Reveals an elements popover.
$('#element').popover('show')
.popover('hide')
Hides an elements popover.
$('#element').popover('hide')
.popover('toggle')
Toggles an elements popover.
$('#element').popover('toggle')
.popover('destroy')
Hides and destroys an element's popover.
$('#element').popover('destroy')
Alert messages bootstrap-alert.js
Example alerts
Add dismiss functionality to all alert messages with this plugin.
Oh snap! You got an error!
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Usage
Enable dismissal of an alert via JavaScript:
$(".alert").alert()
Markup
Just add data-dismiss="alert"
to your close button to automatically give an alert close functionality.
<a class="close" data-dismiss="alert" href="#">×</a>
Methods
$().alert()
Wraps all alerts with close functionality. To have your alerts animate out when closed, make sure they have the .fade
and .in
class already applied to them.
.alert('close')
Closes an alert.
$(".alert").alert('close')
Events
Bootstrap's alert class exposes a few events for hooking into alert functionality.
Event | Description |
---|---|
close | This event fires immediately when the close instance method is called. |
closed | This event is fired when the alert has been closed (will wait for css transitions to complete). |
$('#my-alert').bind('closed', function () { // do something… })
Collapse bootstrap-collapse.js
About
Get base styles and flexible support for collapsible components like accordions and navigation.
* Requires the Transitions plugin to be included.
Example accordion
Using the collapse plugin, we built a simple accordion style widget:
<div class="accordion" id="accordion2"> <div class="accordion-group"> <div class="accordion-heading"> <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion2" href="#collapseOne"> Collapsible Group Item #1 </a> </div> <div id="collapseOne" class="accordion-body collapse in"> <div class="accordion-inner"> Anim pariatur cliche... </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-group"> <div class="accordion-heading"> <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion2" href="#collapseTwo"> Collapsible Group Item #2 </a> </div> <div id="collapseTwo" class="accordion-body collapse"> <div class="accordion-inner"> Anim pariatur cliche... </div> </div> </div> </div> ...
You can also use the plugin without the accordion markup. Make a button toggle the expanding and collapsing of another element.
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#demo"> simple collapsible </button> <div id="demo" class="collapse in"> … </div>
Usage
Via data attributes
Just add data-toggle="collapse"
and a data-target
to element to automatically assign control of a collapsible element. The data-target
attribute accepts a css selector to apply the collapse to. Be sure to add the class collapse
to the collapsible element. If you'd like it to default open, add the additional class in
.
To add accordion-like group management to a collapsible control, add the data attribute data-parent="#selector"
. Refer to the demo to see this in action.
Via JavaScript
Enable manually with:
$(".collapse").collapse()
Options
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-
, as in data-parent=""
.
Name | type | default | description |
---|---|---|---|
parent | selector | false | If selector then all collapsible elements under the specified parent will be closed when this collapsible item is shown. (similar to traditional accordion behavior) |
toggle | boolean | true | Toggles the collapsible element on invocation |
Methods
.collapse(options)
Activates your content as a collapsible element. Accepts an optional options object
.
$('#myCollapsible').collapse({ toggle: false })
.collapse('toggle')
Toggles a collapsible element to shown or hidden.
.collapse('show')
Shows a collapsible element.
.collapse('hide')
Hides a collapsible element.
Events
Bootstrap's collapse class exposes a few events for hooking into collapse functionality.
Event | Description |
---|---|
show | This event fires immediately when the show instance method is called. |
shown | This event is fired when a collapse element has been made visible to the user (will wait for css transitions to complete). |
hide |
This event is fired immediately when the hide method has been called.
|
hidden | This event is fired when a collapse element has been hidden from the user (will wait for css transitions to complete). |
$('#myCollapsible').on('hidden', function () { // do something… })
Carousel bootstrap-carousel.js
Example carousel
The slideshow below shows a generic plugin and component for cycling through elements like a carousel.
<div id="myCarousel" class="carousel slide"> <ol class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li> <li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-to="2"></li> </ol> <!-- Carousel items --> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="active item">…</div> <div class="item">…</div> <div class="item">…</div> </div> <!-- Carousel nav --> <a class="carousel-control left" href="#myCarousel" data-slide="prev">‹</a> <a class="carousel-control right" href="#myCarousel" data-slide="next">›</a> </div>
Usage
Via data attributes
Use data attributes to easily control the position of the carousel. data-slide
accepts the keywords prev
or next
, which alters the slide position relative to it's current position. Alternatively, use data-slide-to
to pass a raw slide index to the carousel data-slide-to="2"
, which jump's the slide position to a particular index beginning with 0
.
Via JavaScript
Call carousel manually with:
$('.carousel').carousel()
Options
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScriptz. For data attributes, append the option name to data-
, as in data-interval=""
.
Name | type | default | description |
---|---|---|---|
interval | number | 5000 | The amount of time to delay between automatically cycling an item. If false, carousel will not automatically cycle. |
pause | string | "hover" | Pauses the cycling of the carousel on mouseenter and resumes the cycling of the carousel on mouseleave. |
Methods
.carousel(options)
Initializes the carousel with an optional options object
and starts cycling through items.
$('.carousel').carousel({ interval: 2000 })
.carousel('cycle')
Cycles through the carousel items from left to right.
.carousel('pause')
Stops the carousel from cycling through items.
.carousel(number)
Cycles the carousel to a particular frame (0 based, similar to an array).
.carousel('prev')
Cycles to the previous item.
.carousel('next')
Cycles to the next item.
Events
Bootstrap's carousel class exposes two events for hooking into carousel functionality.
Event | Description |
---|---|
slide | This event fires immediately when the slide instance method is invoked. |
slid | This event is fired when the carousel has completed its slide transition. |
Typeahead bootstrap-typeahead.js
Example
A basic, easily extended plugin for quickly creating elegant typeaheads with any form text input.
<input type="text" data-provide="typeahead">
You'll want to set autocomplete="off"
to prevent default browser menus from appearing over the Bootstrap typeahead dropdown.
Usage
Via data attributes
Add data attributes to register an element with typeahead functionality as shown in the example above.
Via JavaScript
Call the typeahead manually with:
$('.typeahead').typeahead()
Options
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-
, as in data-source=""
.
Name | type | default | description |
---|---|---|---|
source | array, function | [ ] | The data source to query against. May be an array of strings or a function. The function is passed two arguments, the query value in the input field and the process callback. The function may be used synchronously by returning the data source directly or asynchronously via the process callback's single argument. |
items | number | 8 | The max number of items to display in the dropdown. |
minLength | number | 1 | The minimum character length needed before triggering autocomplete suggestions |
matcher | function | case insensitive | The method used to determine if a query matches an item. Accepts a single argument, the item against which to test the query. Access the current query with this.query . Return a boolean true if query is a match. |
sorter | function | exact match, case sensitive, case insensitive |
Method used to sort autocomplete results. Accepts a single argument items and has the scope of the typeahead instance. Reference the current query with this.query . |
updater | function | returns selected item | The method used to return selected item. Accepts a single argument, the item and has the scope of the typeahead instance. |
highlighter | function | highlights all default matches | Method used to highlight autocomplete results. Accepts a single argument item and has the scope of the typeahead instance. Should return html. |
Methods
.typeahead(options)
Initializes an input with a typeahead.